系统

uname -a               # 查看内核/操作系统/CPU信息head -n 1 /etc/issue   # 查看操作系统版本cat /proc/cpuinfo      # 查看CPU信息hostname               # 查看计算机名lspci -tv              # 列出所有PCI设备lsusb -tv              # 列出所有USB设备lsmod                  # 列出加载的内核模块env                    # 查看环境变量

资源

free -m                # 查看内存使用量和交换区使用量df -h                  # 查看各分区使用情况du -sh 
     <目录名>
              # 查看指定目录的大小grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo   # 查看内存总量grep MemFree /proc/meminfo    # 查看空闲内存量uptime                 # 查看系统运行时间、用户数、负载cat /proc/loadavg      # 查看系统负载
     

磁盘和分区

mount | column -t      # 查看挂接的分区状态fdisk -l               # 查看所有分区swapon -s              # 查看所有交换分区hdparm -i /dev/hda     # 查看磁盘参数(仅适用于IDE设备)dmesg | grep IDE       # 查看启动时IDE设备检测状况

网络

ifconfig               # 查看所有网络接口的属性iptables -L            # 查看防火墙设置route -n               # 查看路由表netstat -lntp          # 查看所有监听端口netstat -antp          # 查看所有已经建立的连接netstat -s             # 查看网络统计信息

进程

ps -ef                 # 查看所有进程top                    # 实时显示进程状态

用户

w                      # 查看活动用户id 
     <用户名>
                  # 查看指定用户信息last                   # 查看用户登录日志cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd   # 查看系统所有用户cut -d: -f1 /etc/group    # 查看系统所有组crontab -l             # 查看当前用户的计划任务
     

服务

chkconfig --list       # 列出所有系统服务chkconfig --list | grep on    # 列出所有启动的系统服务

程序

rpm -qa                # 查看所有安装的软件包  

查看网卡型号

lspci | grep Ethernet

00:19.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82567V-2 Gigabit Network Connection 

查看硬盘信息（查看硬盘型号和硬盘序列号）：

df -h

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/sda5             2.0G  272M  1.6G  15% //dev/sda8             199G  188M  189G   1% /home/dev/sda3             9.7G  1.3G  7.9G  15% /usr/dev/sda2             9.7G  198M  9.0G   3% /var/dev/sda1              99M   17M   77M  18% /boot

hdparm -i /dev/sda

/dev/sda: Model=SAMSUNG HE253GJ                         , FwRev=1AJ30001, SerialNo=      S2B5J90ZC12060 Config={ Fixed } RawCHS=16383/16/63, TrkSize=0, SectSize=0, ECCbytes=4 BuffType=unknown, BuffSize=16384kB, MaxMultSect=16, MultSect=?16? CurCHS=16383/16/63, CurSects=16514064, LBA=yes, LBAsects=268435455 IORDY=on/off, tPIO={min:120,w/IORDY:120}, tDMA={min:120,rec:120} PIO modes:  pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4  DMA modes:  mdma0 mdma1 mdma2  UDMA modes: udma0 udma1 udma2  AdvancedPM=yes: disabled (255) WriteCache=enabled Drive conforms to: unknown:  ATA/ATAPI-0 ATA/ATAPI-1 ATA/ATAPI-2 ATA/ATAPI-3 ATA/ATAPI-4 ATA/ATAPI-5 ATA/ATAPI-6 ATA/ATAPI-7 * signifies the current active mode

dmesg | grep ATA

ata1: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf190 ctl 0xf180 bmdma 0xf150 irq 185ata2: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf170 ctl 0xf160 bmdma 0xf158 irq 185ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)ata1.00: ATA-8: SAMSUNG HE253GJ, 1AJ30001, max UDMA/133ata2: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300)  Vendor: ATA       Model: SAMSUNG HE253GJ   Rev: 1AJ3ata3: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf130 ctl 0xf120 bmdma 0xf0f0 irq 185ata4: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf110 ctl 0xf100 bmdma 0xf0f8 irq 185ata3: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300)ata4: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300)ata5: PATA max UDMA/100 cmd 0xe040 ctl 0xe030 bmdma 0xe000 irq 177

查看主板型号：

dmidecode | more

# dmidecode 2.10SMBIOS 2.4 present.57 structures occupying 2318 bytes.Table at 0x000E84B0.Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytesBIOS Information        Vendor: Intel Corp.        Version: GTG4310H.86A.0019.2009.0625.1334        Release Date: 06/25/2009.....System Information  服务器品牌        Manufacturer:                                          Product Name:              （没有信息表示非品牌或未识别）                            Version:                                          Serial Number:                                          UUID: 889BD67E-8D96-11DE-AC40-0013D4D9C9E8        Wake-up Type: Power Switch        SKU Number: Not Specified        Family: Not SpecifiedHandle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 15 bytesBase Board Information  主板型号/主板信息        Manufacturer: Intel Corporation        Product Name: DG43GT        Version: AAE62768-300        Serial Number: BTGT9340022NProcessor Information  CPU信息/CPU型号/CPU主频        Socket Designation: PROCESSOR        Type: Central Processor        Family: Pentium D        Manufacturer: Intel(R) Corp.        ID: 7A 06 01 00 FF FB EB BF        Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 23, Stepping 10        Version: Pentium(R) Dual-Core  CPU      E6500  @ 2.93GHz           Voltage: 1.2 V        External Clock: 266 MHz        Max Speed: 4000 MHz        Current Speed: 2931 MHz        Status: Populated, Enabled        Upgrade: Socket LGA775Cache Information  硬件和CPU缓存情况        Socket Designation: L1-Cache        Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 1        Operational Mode: Write Back        Location: Internal        Installed Size: 32 kB        Maximum Size: 32 kBBIOS Language Information  BIOS语言        Installable Languages: 1                en|US|iso8859-1        Currently Installed Language: en|US|iso8859-1Physical Memory Array  主板最大支持内存        Location: System Board Or Motherboard        Use: System Memory        Error Correction Type: None        Maximum Capacity: 16 GB        Error Information Handle: Not Provided        Number Of Devices: 4Handle 0x002C, DMI type 19, 15 bytesMemory Array Mapped Address  目前的内存        Starting Address: 0x00000000000        Ending Address: 0x000FFFFFFFF        Range Size: 4 GB        Physical Array Handle: 0x002B        Partition Width: 0On Board Device Information  显卡型号        Type: Video        Status: Enabled        Description:  Intelr GMA X4500 Video Device 

 

参考：

（以上内容转自此篇文章）